Papers by Katrien G . Janin
This article describes the research questions and presents the initial AMS dates of the Middle Dr... more This article describes the research questions and presents the initial AMS dates of the Middle Draa Project (southern Morocco), a collaborative field survey project between the University of Leicester and the Institut National des Sciences de l' Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP) of Morocco. Starting from a very low baseline of past archaeological research in this pre-desert valley, the overall objective of the project is to establish the extent, character and chronology of the rich archaeology of the Wadi Draa. The results presented here detail a hitherto unknown phase of major occupation in the Draa in the 4th-6th centuries AD evidenced by complex hilltop settlements and extensive cairn cemeteries (an initial typology is presented). A second medieval phase comprised major urban centres that are contemporary with the Almoravid and Almohad periods of Moroccan history. Alongside these urban centres, there are the remains of substantial mudbrick oasis settlements and irrigation and field-systems of a contemporary date. A key contribution of this paper concerns the construction of an outline chronology based upon initial analysis of the ceramics collected , but crucially supplemented and supported by a major program of AMS dating. The remote sensing and field survey data collected by the project enable us to develop some hypotheses concerning the long-term history of this important oasis valley. Keywords Protohistory – Islamic archaeology – landscape archaeology – radiocarbon dating – irrigation
This report represents the results of Rampart Scotland's third season of archaeological evaluatio... more This report represents the results of Rampart Scotland's third season of archaeological evaluation at White Castle, Garvald, East Lothian.
Phulgence. Thanks are also due to Rianne van Rijwsijk for digitizing many drawings, and Breanne J... more Phulgence. Thanks are also due to Rianne van Rijwsijk for digitizing many drawings, and Breanne Johnson for piecing together several ceramic plates. Special thanks also to Gay Soetekouw for arranging many practical things during the excavation and the field school.
The main objective of Phase 2 performed by Leiden University was to assess the presence/absence o... more The main objective of Phase 2 performed by Leiden University was to assess the presence/absence of pre-Columbian archaeological sites in the Cul-de-Sac- area, lying between the well known sites of Golden Rock (SE 6) and Godet/Smoke Alley (SE 203). Phase 2 builds upon the earlier Phase 1 of this assessment by SECAR (Stelten 2011) which entailed a first assessment of the Cul-de-Sac area with non-invasive techniques. Fifteen possible archaeological sites were identified. All sites date to the Colonial period.
Published Articles by Katrien G . Janin
This article describes the research questions and presents the initial AMS dates of the Middle Dr... more This article describes the research questions and presents the initial AMS dates of the Middle Draa Project (southern Morocco), a collaborative field survey project between the University of Leicester and the Institut National des Sciences de l' Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP) of Morocco. Starting from a very low baseline of past archaeological research in this pre-desert valley, the overall objective of the project is to establish the extent, character and chronology of the rich archaeology of the Wadi Draa. The results presented here detail a hitherto unknown phase of major occupation in the Draa in the 4th-6th centuries AD evidenced by complex hilltop settlements and extensive cairn cemeteries (an initial typology is presented). A second medieval phase comprised major urban centres that are contemporary with the Almoravid and Almohad periods of Moroccan history. Alongside these urban centres, there are the remains of substantial mudbrick oasis settlements and irrigation and field-systems of a contemporary date. A key contribution of this paper concerns the construction of an outline chronology based upon initial analysis of the ceramics collected , but crucially supplemented and supported by a major program of AMS dating. The remote sensing and field survey data collected by the project enable us to develop some hypotheses concerning the long-term history of this important oasis valley. Keywords Protohistory – Islamic archaeology – landscape archaeology – radiocarbon dating – irrigation Résumé Cet article présente le cadre du projet de reconnaissance inti-tulé " Middle Draa Project " (dans le sud du Maroc) et en donne les premières datations radiocarbones. Ce projet fait l'objet d'une collaboration entre l'
Thesis Chapters by Katrien G . Janin
Metric data have long been used to determine sex by classifing individuals according to their bon... more Metric data have long been used to determine sex by classifing individuals according to their bone dimensions. Among those elements, long bones have consistently been associated with high accuracy rates, particularly the dimensions obtained from the proximal articular surfaces. However, past studies have also indicated that both corporal dimensions and the degree of sexual dimorphism varies and are temporal and population specific, necessitating the need for population specific standards. This research was designed to contribute to such a population specific standard, specifically: 1) to provide information on the sexual dimorphism of the adult humeral and femoral head diameters of the British post-medieval urban population, and 2) to furnish useful algorithms which may aid the assessment of sex. The analysis was performed on 64 biological adults, 34 men and 30 woman belonging to the Holy Trinity collection, currently housed at the University of Leicester. Two measurements were taken, the humeral vertical head diameter and the maximum head diameter of the femur. After assessing that measurement error and intraobserver error were satisfactory, distribution and a t-test confirmed that differences between the means in males and females were significant; and a high degree of sexual dimorphism was manifested in the size of both variables. Three functions were constructed: one each for the single variables of the humeral and femoral heads while the third function combined these elements. A percentage of 92.90% correctly classified individuals was achieved by the femoral head diameter function, followed by 91.10% for the combined function and 89.60% for the vertical humeral head diameter. The third aim of this study was to appraise the validity of the accuracy rates beyond the initial sample. To do so, the discriminant functions developed from the Holy Trinity assemblage were applied to two contemporaneous assemblages: St. Bride Lower and Chelsea Old Church, both curated by the Museum of London. The accuracy of sex classification was more than 87% for the functions with one variable, and reached 94% for the combined function. However, while the function for the femoral head diameter performed the best in the initial sample, it introduced a distinct female bias in the crossvalidation sample, pronounced the most in the St. Bride Lower sample reaching almost 15%. Conversely, the humeral head function performed the best in terms of error rate evenness. While overall these results confirmed that both variables are highly dimorphic and contain the ability to discriminate between the two biological sexes, the bias towards female classification noted using the femur function highlights that intra-population variance does need to be considered and further explored in future studies.
, and Dr. Oliver Pauwels (Natural Science museum, Brussels) for generously granting me access to ... more , and Dr. Oliver Pauwels (Natural Science museum, Brussels) for generously granting me access to the skeletal collections of their respective institutes. My thanks also go to Prof.
Katrien G. Janin, 2015
The inability to sex juveniles with a degree of confidence is a longstanding important issue in b... more The inability to sex juveniles with a degree of confidence is a longstanding important issue in both the forensic and bioacheaological fields. A reoccuring problem is that initial optimism of newly proposed methods are too often met with disappointing and inconsistent accuracy results by subsequent validation studies. The aim of the presented study is to investigate the contributing factors that may underpin these inconsistencies. To do so, the research is designed to investigate the reliability of the existing visual methods pertaining ilium morphology. Six
qualitative methods were evaluated by means of intra- and inter- observer error. The results indicate that methods vary from slight to moderate agreement levels. However, all fall short of the required level to be considered reliable, indicating that observer error is an underestimated
influencing factor impacting results.
However, observer error is just one possible interfering factor when assessing non-adult sex. Recent literature demonstrates un-linear developmental stages of growth, mechanical stress, and changing locomotory impact on ilium morphology during non-adult bone development and modelling phase. A new approach and theoretical framework is proposed based upon the premise that the successful determination of sex from the non-adult skeleton is reliant on an
understanding of these interaction variables on the total ilium shape, the shape variance, and the identification of the shape variation which correlates with the expression of non-adult sexual dimorphic traits. The application of geometric techniques have the ability to separate these
variables, improving the understanding of the relationship between age, sex, shape, populations variance and the clarity with which these relationships can be quantified and controlled for method error beyond what the traditional methods can provide. This in turn enables the investigation of the role ontogeny plays in the emergence, magnitude and pattern of sexual dimorphism. Strengths, limitations and future directions of the new approach are discussed.
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Papers by Katrien G . Janin
Published Articles by Katrien G . Janin
Thesis Chapters by Katrien G . Janin
qualitative methods were evaluated by means of intra- and inter- observer error. The results indicate that methods vary from slight to moderate agreement levels. However, all fall short of the required level to be considered reliable, indicating that observer error is an underestimated
influencing factor impacting results.
However, observer error is just one possible interfering factor when assessing non-adult sex. Recent literature demonstrates un-linear developmental stages of growth, mechanical stress, and changing locomotory impact on ilium morphology during non-adult bone development and modelling phase. A new approach and theoretical framework is proposed based upon the premise that the successful determination of sex from the non-adult skeleton is reliant on an
understanding of these interaction variables on the total ilium shape, the shape variance, and the identification of the shape variation which correlates with the expression of non-adult sexual dimorphic traits. The application of geometric techniques have the ability to separate these
variables, improving the understanding of the relationship between age, sex, shape, populations variance and the clarity with which these relationships can be quantified and controlled for method error beyond what the traditional methods can provide. This in turn enables the investigation of the role ontogeny plays in the emergence, magnitude and pattern of sexual dimorphism. Strengths, limitations and future directions of the new approach are discussed.